Short Thesis

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Global warming is a state where the temperature of the Earth becomes warmer than normal temperatures. Global warming is only a discourse about ten years ago. But now global warming is a reality that must be faced by all humanity. Already many facts which show that global warming has occurred. Among the many polar bears are dying of hunger at the north pole, this occurs because of the depletion layer of ice so that they lead to difficulty finding food. Research shows that many polar bears that do not have enough layers of body fat to survive. In addition, the Inuit Tribes have also seen many ice floes even large iceberg suddenly disappeared However, things are not less dreadful is the occurrence of various natural disasters in all parts of the earth.

1.2 Formulation of the problem

1. What is global warming?
2. What is the relationship of global warming by the greenhouse effect?
3. What causes global warming?
4. What is the impact of global warming?
5. How to cope with global warming?

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Global Warming

Global Warming is the increase in average temperature of the earth's surface due to an increase in the amount of GHG emissions in the atmosphere. Global Warming will be followed by Climate Change, such as increased rainfall in some parts of the world, causing flooding and erosion. Meanwhile, in the other hemisphere will experience a prolonged dry season caused by rising temperatures.

2.2Relationship with Global Warming Greenhouse Effect

The earth is actually naturally becomes hot due to heat incoming solar radiation into the atmosphere. This heat is partly absorbed by the Earth's surface and then reflected back into space. Because there are greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), some of the heat stays in the atmosphere so that the Earth is warm at the right temperature (60 º f/16 º C) for animals, plants , and humans to survive. The mechanism is called the greenhouse gas effect. Without the effect of greenhouse gases, average temperatures in the world can be -18 º C. Unfortunately, because now it's too much greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, too much heat is captured. As a result, the Earth becomes hotter

2.3 Causes of Global Warming

Global warming occurs when the concentration of certain gases known as greenhouse gases, increases in the air, it is attributable to human activities, industrial activities, especially CO2 and chlorofluorocarbons. Which is mainly carbon dioxide, which is generally produced by the use of coal, petroleum, gas and deforestation and forest burning.

Nitric acid is produced by vehicle and industrial emissions, while methane emissions caused by industrial and agricultural activities. Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs damage the ozone layer as well as greenhouse gases causing global warming, but now removed the Montreal Protocol. Carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide are polluting gases are accumulating in the atmosphere and trapping more heat from the sun. While the oceans and vegetation capture more CO2, its ability to be a "roof" is now redundant due to emissions. This means that every year, the cumulative total amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases thus accelerating global warming.

Throughout these hundred years the world's energy consumption increased spectacularly. Approximately 70% of energy used by developed countries; and 78% of energy comes from fossil fuels. This creates an imbalance that leaves some regions impoverished and others reaping the benefits. Meanwhile, the amount of funding for renewable energy that can not be depleted (solar, wind, biomass, hydro, especially mini and micro hydro), which can reduce fossil fuel use, both in developed and developing countries remains extremely low, in comparison with the financial assistance and investments allocated to fossil fuels and nuclear energy.

Deforestation which reduces the absorption of carbon by trees, causing the increase of carbon emissions by 20%, and change the local micro-climate and hydrological cycle, thus affecting soil fertility.

2.4 Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming resulting in widespread and serious impacts for bio-geophysical environment (such as melting polar ice, rising sea levels, expanding deserts, increased rainfall and flooding, climate change, extinction of certain flora and fauna, fauna and migratory pests, etc. ). While the impact of socio-economic activities include: (a) interfere with the function of coastal regions and coastal cities, (b) interfere with the function of facilities and infrastructure such as roads, ports and airports (c) disruption to residential areas, (d) reduction productivity of agricultural land, (e) increased risk of cancer and disease outbreaks, etc.). In this paper, focus is given in anticipation of the two effects of global warming, namely rising sea levels (sea level rise) and flooding.

Other impacts:

· Loss of various types of biological keanekragaman

· Increased frequency and intensity of rain storms, hurricanes, and floods

· The melting ice and glaciers in the polar

· Increasing the number of potential dry land into a desert due to prolonged drought

· Rising sea levels, causing extensive flooding. In 2100 the estimated sea level rise by 15-95 cm.

· The increase in sea temperatures cause coral bleaching (coral bleaching) and damage to coral reefs around the world

· Increased frequency of forest fires

· Spread of tropical diseases like malaria to new areas due to increased populations of insects (mosquitoes)

· Certain areas became crowded and congested due to the displacement currents

2.5 Solution of Global Warming

1. Be a Vegetarian

Producing meat-laden CO2 and methane and require lots of water. Farm animals such as cows or goats is the largest producer of methane as they digest their food. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) UN says meat production accounts for 18% of global warming, is greater than the contribution of all transport in the world (13.5%). Furthermore, the FAO report, "Livestock's Long Shadow", 2006 explained that livestock contributes 65% of world gas nitrous oxide (310 times more potent than CO2) and methane gas 37% of the world (72 times more potent than CO2). In addition, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), in a guide book "Kick The Habit", 2008, mentions that the meat diet for each person per year accounts for 6700 kg of CO2 per person while the vegan diet contributes only 190 kg of CO2!” Not surprisingly, the UN's leading climate expert, who is Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) United Nations, Dr. Rajendra Pachauri, encourage people to eat less meat.

b.    Planting Trees

One rather large-sized trees can absorb 6 kg of CO2 per year. Throughout his lifetime, one tree can absorb one ton of CO2. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) reported that deforestation accounts for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. As we know, trees absorb carbon in the atmosphere. When they are felled or burned, the carbon they have absorbed most of it will be released back into the atmosphere. So, think a thousand times before cutting down trees around you. Deforestation is also related to the farm. Do you know an area of rainforest the size of a football field every minute of land cleared for cattle grazing? When you turn into a vegetarian, you can save 1 hectare of trees per year.

3. Environment-Friendly Travel

Try to walk, use teleconferencing for meetings, or go together in one car. Where possible, use vehicles that use alternative fuels. Each 1 liter of fossil fuel burned in car engines accounted for 2.5 kg of CO2. When the distance is close and not hasty time, you can choose train rather than plane. According to the IPCC, traveling by airplane accounted for 3-5% of greenhouse gases.

4. Reduce Spending

Industry accounts for 20% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions and mostly derived from fossil fuel use. Types of industries that require a lot of fossil fuels as an example of iron, steel, chemicals, fertilizers, cement, glass, ceramics, and paper. Therefore, do not quickly dispose of the goods, then buy a new one. Each production process of goods accounted for CO2.

5. Buy Organic Foods

Organic soils capture and store CO2 greater than conventional farming. The Soil Association adds that organic production can reduce 26% CO2 contributed by agriculture.

6. Use Energy Saving Lamp

When you replace a lamp in your home with energy-efficient lighting, you can save 400 kg CO2 and energy-saving lamp 10 times more durable than regular incandescent bulbs.

g.    Use the Fan

1000 that uses AC power contributed 650 Watt CO2 grams per hour. Because of this, maybe you could try using a fan.

8. Drying your clothes under the Sunshine

When you use a dryer, you spend 3 kg of CO2. Drying clothes naturally is much better: your clothes more durable and energy use does not cause air pollution.

9. Organic Waste Recycling

Waste Disposal (Landfill) accounted for 3% of greenhouse gas emissions through the methane released during waste decomposition process. By making compost from organic waste (eg food scraps, paper, leaves) to your garden, you can help reduce this problem!

10. Separate Waste Paper, Plastic, and Cans that Can be Recycled

Recycle aluminum can saves 90% of the energy needed to produce new aluminum cans - save 9 kg of CO2 per kilogram of aluminum! For 1 kg of recycled plastic, you save 1.5 kg of CO2, for 1 kg of paper recycled, you save 900 kg of CO2.